Chlorophyll Fluorescence and Photosynthesis: The Basics

Abstract

BIOPHYSICAL BASIS O F FLUORESCENCE EMISSION FROM CHLOROPLASTS . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . 314 Fluorescence as a Reaction Competing in the Deactivation of Excited Chlorophyll . . . . . . . . . . ... . . .. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314 Lifetimes of Fluorescence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . 317 Origin of Fluorescence Emission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 1 Fluorescence of PS 11 and PS I at Ambient and Low Temperatures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323 FLUORESCENCE INDUCTION AND PS II HETEROGENEITy 325 Fluorescence Transient from Fo to FM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325 The FI Level and Inactive PS11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... .... . .. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . 326 Fluorescence Induction in High Ught .. . . . . . . . . 327 Rise in the Presence of DCMU and a/{3 Heterogeneity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327 FLUORESCENCE QUENCHING 329 Resolution of Quenching Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . ........ . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330 Mechanism of Energy·Dependent Quenching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3 1 Quenching Related t o State Transition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . ......... . . .. .. . . . . . . . 334 Photoinhibitory Quenching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334 Further Quenching Mechanisms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338 Physiological Aspects of Quenching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338 CONCLUSIONS AND PERSPECTiVES 341

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